3. ORGANISATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY

The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style has been used in this bibliography.

In addition, each item in this bibliography was allocated a unique identifier; its content described using one or more keywords and then annotated using the following headings:

• Research focus/aims: a brief statement outlining the main focus or aims of the research/discussion.
• Participants: used to describe the numbers, nationality or ethnicity, refugee status and current location of those participating in the research (for example, as interviewees).
• Key findings/outcomes: a brief description of the main findings - where findings are lengthy, headings have been included to indicate the content.
• Recommendations: a brief description of any recommendations arising from the findings.
• Scope: a brief description of the nature of the research (i.e. the number of participants and the research methods used).
• Country research undertaken in: the country in which the author or authors were based - where research is by an institution, that information has been provided.

The vast majority of items were allocated more than one of the keywords below. Appendix D provides more detail on how keywords were allocated. To avoid duplicate entries for the same item in the bibliography, one keyword was determined to be a 'primary keyword' on the basis that it reflected the item's main focus.

The item was then included under one of the following headings:

A. Integration and social cohesion, including keywords:

• integration/social cohesion^[9]
• definitions or models of integration or social cohesion
• indicators or measures of integration or social cohesion
• studies of settlement
• defining refugees.

B. Methods used to research integration, including keywords:

• case studies - refers to studies of a particular group or area
• discussion paper - refers to opinion pieces and conference papers that are not directly based on research
• ethnographic - includes participant observation, observation and activities such as social mapping, diary keeping
• indicators/measures - papers that focus on the development or use of indicators or measures
• interviews - includes individual interviews and focus group discussions
• methodological issues of refugee research - refers to articles that include a focus on methodological issues of conducting research with refugees
• review - includes literature reviews and reviews of policies/strategies
• survey - includes questionnaire data and analysis of large datasets
• test - refers to a recognised test of some kind, usually in relation to health.

C. Identity and citizenship, including keywords:

• citizenship
• ethnicity/cultural identity
• religion
• language maintenance
• transnationalism (and concepts of global linkages and diaspora)
• civic or political participation.

D. Community and social networks, including keywords:

• social capital and social networks
• role of host country
• community participation.

E. Social exclusion.

F. Dispersal policies.

G. Education and training, including keywords:

• education and training
• language acquisition and ESOL.

H. Economic participation (including employment).

I. Health and wellbeing.

J. Housing.

K. Demographic characteristics of refugees:

• gender
• women
• men
• older refugees
• youth
• first generation
• 1.5 generation
• second/future generations
• disability.

The keyword field is also used to describe:

• whether the groups included in the research or discussion were: migrants, including refugees; refugees; or refugees, including asylum-seekers
• the location of refugees discussed in each item (referred to as host country, for example, United Kingdom) and the refugee's nationality or ethnicity or region of origin (referred to as source country, for example, Somalia).

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