Longterm Settlement of Refugees

APPENDICES

Appendix A: MSD Information Service search of bibliographic databases

A search was undertaken by MSD Information Centre staff on the topic 'long-term integration of refugees and factors that facilitate or act as barriers to integration' in the following areas: overview of integration, identity and citizenship, community and social networks, and resettlement of future refugees. The focus was on literature published over the last ten years and focused on countries receiving quota refugees through the UNHCR.

The databases searched included the following:

Australia/NZ Reference Centre - Produced by EBSCO. Australia/NZ Reference Centre combines Australasian magazines, newspapers, newswires and reference books to create the largest collection of regional full text content available for Oceania. This database includes leading Australia/New Zealand periodicals and international periodicals in full text.
Austrom - Produced by RMIT Publishing (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology). Austrom is an Australasian suite of 13 databases covering Australian education, architecture, law, librarianship and information science, public affairs, sport, criminology, English language teaching, family and society, home economics, leisure and tourism.
Business and Management Practices (BaMP) - Business and Management Practices focuses on practical approaches to management processes and methods, dealing with real-life applications, case studies, and how-to guidelines. BaMP offers coverage from more than 300 professional and trade journals containing information relevant to the fields of management, planning, production, finance, marketing, information technology and human resources.
CareData - A product of the National Institute for Social Work, UK. Supports management and practice through extensive abstracting of relevant social work and social care literature, containing over 50,000 abstracts of books, central and local government reports, research papers, and publications of voluntary organisations, and articles from a wide range of journal titles - academic, research, practice and news-orientated.
ChildData - Produced by the National Children's Bureau, UK. Provides references to a number of child- related sources from six databases that link to books, reports and journals, organisations concerned with children, index to Children and Parliament, conferences and meetings, children in the news and the UN Convention and Children's Rights in the UK.
Cochrane Library - A source of reliable evidence about the effects of health care. A regularly updated collection of evidence-based medical databases.
EconLit - Compiled by the American Economic Association. EconLit provides bibliographic citations, with selected abstracts to the international literature on economics since 1969.
Index New Zealand - Produced by the National Library of NZ. Index NZ contains abstracts of selected New Zealand serial publications, including newspapers and nearly 300 New Zealand journals about New Zealand and the South Pacific. Focuses on general interest material, social research, current affairs, the arts and humanities.
InfoTrac OneFile - Produced by Gale. InfoTrac OneFile is an international multidisciplinary journal and news database that provides full text access to information on a diverse set of topics, including humanities, education, business, science, current events, art, politics, economics, social science, law, healthcare, computers, technology, environmental issues, and general interest topics.
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences - Comprehensive database of international social science and interdisciplinary research - produced by the London School of Economics and published by Cambridge Scientific Abstracts. IBSS includes nearly two million bibliographic references to journal articles and to books, reviews and selected chapters dating back to 1951. Over 2,700 journals are regularly indexed and some 7,000 books included each year. Abstracts are provided for half of all current journal articles.
MasterFILE Premier - Produced by EBSCO. MasterFILE Premier contains full text for over 2,000 periodicals covering general reference, business, health, education, general science, multicultural issues and more. In addition to the full text, this database provides indexing and abstracts for more than 2,700 titles.
New Zealand National Bibliographic Database - operated by the National Library of New Zealand. Provides bibliographic records of New Zealand and the world's books, reports and other literature.
Newztext Magazines - Produced by The Knowledge Basket. Full text database of the key New Zealand business and trade magazines, including Management, NZ Business, The Independent and NBR.
Newztext Newspapers - Produced by The Knowledge Basket. Full text database of the major New Zealand newspapers and transcripts of RadioNZ news bulletins.
PAIS International - Produced by the Online Computer Library Centre, Inc (OCLC) in the US. Public Affairs Information Service International is an index to the world's public and social policy literature in business, economics, local and federal government, political science, international relations, finance and other social sciences.
PsycINFO - Formerly known as PsycLit, PsycINFO is produced by the American Psychological Association. Contains more than 1.5 million references to psychological literature from 1887 to the present, from journal articles, books, book chapters, technical reports and dissertations. There are at least 1,646 journals on the Coverage List.
Social Sciences Index - Produced by the H. W. Wilson Company in the US. Provides indexing of more than 518 English-language periodicals in the areas of addiction studies, anthropology, area studies, community, health and medical care, corrections, criminal justice, criminology, economics, environmental studies, ethics, family studies, gender studies, geography, gerontology, international relations, law, minority studies, planning and public administration, policy sciences, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, sociology, and urban studies. No abstracts.
Social Services Abstracts - Published by Cambridge Scientific Abstracts. Social Services Abstracts provides bibliographic coverage of current research focused on social work, human services, and related areas, including social welfare, social policy, and community development. The database abstracts and indexes over 1,406 serials publications and includes abstracts of journal articles and dissertations, and citations to book reviews.
Social Work Abstracts - Produced by the US National Association of Social Workers. Social Work Abstracts indexes and abstracts social work and related journals on topics such as homelessness, AIDS, child and family welfare, ageing, substance abuse, legislation and community organisation among others.
Sociological Abstracts - Produced by Cambridge Scientific Abstracts in the US. Sociological Abstracts provides citations and abstracts for worldwide findings in theoretical and applied sociology, social science, and policy science. Covers 29 broad topics including anthropology, business, collective behaviour, community development, education, environmental studies, gender studies, gerontology, law and penology, marriage and family studies, medicine and health, racial interactions, social psychology, social work, sociological theory, substance abuse, urban studies, and violence.

Appendix B: Acronyms used in this report

ESOL: English for speakers of other languages
EU: European Union
EUMC: European Union Monitoring Centre
IMDB: Immigration Database (Canada)
LCR: Landed in Canada refugees
LEA: Local education authority (UK)
LFS: Labour Force Survey (United Kingdom)
LSIC: Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada
MIPEX: Migration Integration Policy Index (Europe)
MSD: Ministry of Social Development (New Zealand)
NZ: New Zealand
NGO: Non-government organisation
ORR: Office of Refugee Resettlement (United States)
NZQA: New Zealand Qualifications Authority
RCO: Refugee community organisation (United Kingdom)
SSNZ: Settlement Support New Zealand
UK: United Kingdom
UNHCR: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
US: United States of America

Appendix C: Examples of indicators and frameworks

Example 1. United Kingdom
Ager, A. and Strang, A. (2004b). Indicators of integration: final report. Development and Practice Report No. 28. London: Home Office. [A20]

The following authors refer to this framework: Rudiger 2006 [A16]; Spencer 2006 [A17]; Ager and Strang 2008 [A21]; Phillimore and Goodson 2008 [A34]; Atfield, Brahmbhatt and O'Toole 2007 [D1]; Beirens, Hughes, Hek and Spicer 2007 [D2].

The framework

The framework is structured around ten key domains that the evidence suggests are of central importance to the integration of refugees. The ten domains are grouped under four headings:

Means and markers
- Employment
- Housing
- Education
- Health
Social connections
- Social bridges
- Social bonds
- Social links
Facilitators
- Language and cultural knowledge
- Safety and stability
Foundation

o Rights and citizenship

MEANS AND MARKERS

These are key areas for the participation of refugees in the life of communities. They serve as markers of integration because they show evidence of achieving or accessing things that are valued within the community. They also serve as means to those ends, in that they will often help achieve other things relevant to integration.

There are four domains under this heading: employment, housing, education and health.

Grouped together, these domains represent major areas of attainment that are widely recognised as critical factors in the integration process. Achievement in each of these four domains should not be seen purely as an 'outcome' of integration; they also clearly serve as 'means' to that end as well.

Employment

Policy level indicators include the following:

Core indicators:

Employment and unemployment rates of refugees (compared with rates amongst the general population).
Average annual earnings and/or income for refugees and/or refugee households.

Other indicators:

Rates of under-employment.
Rates of under-employment (number of refugees with professional and university qualifications holding manual employment).

Potential sources of data: Department of Work and Pensions records, Home Office Longitudinal Survey; Regional Development Agency; Labour Force Survey; Home Citizenship Survey.

Housing

Policy-level indicators include the following:

Core indicators:

Proportion of refugees living in owner-occupier and secure tenancy (or assured tenancy) conditions (compared with general population).
Proportion of refugees resident in housing areas targeted for renewal and support.

Other indicators:

Housing occupation/overcrowding for refugee households (compared with the general population and allowing for household size).

Potential sources of data: ODPM records; local surveys; housing association records; Home Office Citizenship Survey; Survey of English housing.

Education

Policy-level indicators include the following:

Core indicators:

The percentage of children from refugees families achieving: specified key stages (or equivalent) at primary level; five or more GCSEs/Standard grade at A*-C; two or more A levels or Achieved Higher passes; admission to university.
Number of refugees completing vocational qualifications (for example, NVQs/SVQs).

Potential sources of data: school reports, HMI Inspectorate reports; LEA records; Pupil Level Annual School Census; UCAS; university admission records.

Health

Policy-level indicators include the following:

Core indicators:

Morbidity and mortality rates compared with the general population.
Immunisation, antenatal care and cervical and breast screening (coverage compared with general population).

Other indicators:

The number of refugee doctors and nurses joining professional registers.
Strategies identifiable at health authority/board level for addressing priority health needs amongst refugee populations.

Potential sources of data: DoH/NHS central records; LHCC and practice records; professional body registers; health authority/board reports.

SOCIAL CONNECTIONS

This involves the different social relationships and networks that help towards integration. Those connections may be with people who share your own experiences and values through ethnicity, religion or country of origin. These connections are defined as 'bonds' within communities. Connections with other groups are seen as 'bridges' between communities. Finally, connections that help to access services and be fully involved as a citizen are defined as 'links to services and government'. All serve to connect an individual or group into the wider community. The three domains within the framework under the heading 'social connections' that, taken together, stress the importance of relationships to the understanding of the integration are:

social bonds (connections within a community defined by, for example, ethnic, national or religious identity)
social bridges (with members of other communities)
social links (with institutions, including local and central government services).

Social bridges

Core indicators:

The proportion of refugees who report actively mixing with people from different ethnic backgrounds in everyday situations.
Number of refugees undertaking social work in the community in the last month.

Other indicators:

Reported public attitudes to refugees.
Perceived friendliness of local people (by refugees and non-refugees).

Potential sources of data: Home Office longitudinal survey; Home Office Citizenship Survey; Audit Commission assessment of cohesion within CPA; programme records; attitude surveys.

Social bonds

Core indicators:

Number of registered refugee community organisations (current totals and those operational for two years or more).
Number of reported social contacts with members of own ethnic group.

Other indicators:

National press and media coverage of events promoting diverse cultural heritage of refugee communities.

Potential sources of data: umbrella voluntary organisations; Home Office Longitudinal Survey; media coverage reviews; Home Office Citizenship Survey.

Social links

Core indicators:

Number of registered non-governmental agencies with one or more refugees on their management board.
Number of refugees on membership roll and assuming political office through registered political parties.

Other indicators:

Number of refugees employed by local councils (and other public bodies).

Potential sources of data: Charities Commission and umbrella voluntary organisation records; political party records; local authority records.

FACILITATORS

These are the key skills, knowledge and circumstances that help people to be active, engaged and secure within communities.

There are two domains within the framework under the heading 'facilitators' - 'language and cultural knowledge' and 'safety and stability'. These represent key facilitating factors for the process of integration.

Language and cultural knowledge

Core indicators:

Proportion of refugees demonstrating English (or where appropriate Welsh or Scottish Gaelic) language fluency at ESOL level 2 within two years of receiving refugee status.
Proportion of people living in areas of significant refugee settlement who feel that local ethnic differences are respected and valued.

Other indicators:

The availability and update of public sector interpreter and translation services for refugees.

Potential sources of data: DfES reports; Home Office Citizenship Survey; utilisation surveys.

Safety and stability

Core indicators:

Proportion of refugees living in areas with high reported crime rates (upper quartile).
Number of racial incidents involving refugees recorded by Police.

Other indicators:

Mean length of residence at current address across refugee households.

Potential sources of data: HMIC/Home Office records; LA Best Value performance indicators; Comprehensive Performance Assessment: Home Office Citizenship Survey; British Crime Survey.

FOUNDATION

This refers to the principles that define what you have a right to expect from the state and from other members of your communities and what is expected of you. These principles include the rights that are given to individuals, and the expectations and obligations of citizenship.

There is one domain within the framework under the heading 'Foundation' - 'rights and citizenship'. This represents the basis upon which expectations and obligations for the process of integration are established.

Rights and citizenship

Core indicators:

Mean length of asylum application procedure for successful claimants.
Rates of application for citizenship by refugees.

Other indicators:

Acceptance rate of family reunion applications by refugees.
Proportion of refugees involved in a political party or trade union in the past 12 months (compared with the general population).
Number of refugees consulted in the course of general public surveys.

Potential sources of data: Home Office records; Home Office Citizenship Survey; survey records.

Example 2. United Kingdom
Castles, S., Korac, M., Vasta, E. and Vertovec, S. (2002). Integration: mapping the field. Home Office Online Report No. 29/03. Oxford: University of Oxford Centre for Migration and Policy Research and Refugee Studies Centre. [A24]

Possible indicators were identified through the authors' literature review.

Indicators of education, training and employment

Statistics of accessing and completing training programmes.
Statistics of accessing and completing further education courses.
Statistics of those who successfully requalify and are able to practise their original profession.
Statistics of those who have their qualifications recognised for academic or employment purposes.
Number of job applications made, interviews attended and job offers granted.
Number of successfully self-employed immigrants and refugees.
Number of immigrants and refugees who set up successful businesses.
Unemployment rates amongst immigrants and refugees (considering different categories, such as gender, age etc).
Employment distribution by occupation and industry.
Economic outcomes (such as income levels or home ownership) of immigrants and refugees compared with those of the majority population.

Indicators of social integration

Residential segregation (for example, indexes of dissimilarity and segregation).
Intermarriage.
English acquisition.
Social interaction within and outside group.
Rates of victimisation to crime.
Rates of racially motivated offences.
Rates of offending for various types of crime.

Indicators of health

Life expectancy.
Age and gender specific mortality rates.
Age and gender specific morbidity rates for significant illnesses.
Accident rates.
Access to medical services.

Indicators of legal integration

Right to reside in the country.
Right to participate in the labour market.
Right to access social services.
Acquisition of citizenship.

Indicators of political integration

Participation in trade unions and professional associations.
Participation in other associations.
Participation in political parties.
Participation as voters.
Election to representative positions in local, regional and national government.

Indicators of overall integration

Demographic indicators, such as fertility and mortality rates, life expectancy and intermarriage.
Personal assessments of the availability, quality and adequacy of assistance programmes and services provided.
Personal assessments of satisfaction with one's achievements and situation in the receiving society.

Example 3. United Kingdom
Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., Sigona, N. and Hauser, M. (2002). Survey on policy and practice related to refugee integration. Oxford: European Commission. [A18]

The authors state they are sceptical of both the feasibility and value of designing a comprehensive checklist format of indicators. They suggest the research points towards four main clusters of indicators built around key policy variables that constrain and facilitate (often simultaneously) the process of integration (p135).

The citizenship domain

A map of the relevant indicators of citizenship might include:

the legal frameworks and procedural obligations for acquiring citizenship
the different statuses available to asylum seekers as they progress through the stages to full refugee status and then citizenship
the defined time period for this journey
the differential rights of access to social, economic and welfare rights accorded to the different stage of refugee status and citizenship determination (p136).

The governance domain

Governance is the platform on which integration policies are implemented. A framework of indicators should:

map the stakeholders involved in the process of integration
define distribution and articulation of powers, resources and responsibilities between them
map the distribution of responsibility between the different levels of government and also between the agencies of state and civil society
explore the mediating role of these factors and their impact on the process of integration (p137).

The functional domain - social and economic participation

The authors included the following in their report:

Language skills - levels of performance and hence the emphasis, in countries like Germany, on obligatory language training as a pre-condition of citizenship.
Labour market participation - for example, eligibility for training, employment and unemployment rates, skill levels. In this respect, labour market mobility is cited as a key variable in refugee (and economic migrant) settlement and integration, yet constraint on access to labour markets and labour mobility reinforce the marginality and exclusion that refugees confront.
Housing - for example, access to social and public housing by special client groups such as refugees.
Education and skill training - for example, scope and scale of programmes, participation rates (p138).

The social domain

The quest here is for indicators of integration that capture the processes of membership and social participation in the host society. The authors propose indicators that reveal the extent to which the cultural and social networks flourish and support refugees alongside the instruments and resources of the host society. Indicators that might disclose how refugees perceive and exert their rights as members of the host community or that appraise the extent to which they balance the retention of cultural identity with processes of social inclusion in the mainstream are more likely to demonstrate whether integration is successful or not. In this sense, integration is subjective and suggests that social compatibility and adaptability are as significant for the sense of inclusion as structured measures to make integration. The authors are looking at measurements such as:

formation of refugee community groups (including their coverage and functions)
their access to resources similar to host groups
how physical and social resources within the communities are mobilised and empowered
the proactive capacities of the refugees and the individual level.

Example 4. New Zealand
Peace, R., Spoonley, P., Butcher, A. and O'Neill, D. (2005). Immigration and social cohesion: developing an indicator framework for measuring the impact of settlement policies in New Zealand. Working Paper 01/05. Wellington: Centre for Social Research and Evaluation, Ministry of Social Development. [A33]

These authors identify a number of key indicators in international indicator sets. In most projects of the Council for Europe and the EU, the key indicators are:

demography
inclusion in the labour market
employment/training
social benefits
housing
education
participation in social, cultural and political life.

These are often accompanied by indicators of racism and discrimination, including data on:

racism and discriminatory acts
racially violent crimes and harassment
the number of complaints of discrimination and convictions
patterns of discrimination in government
direct and indirect discrimination.

Indicators suggested as part of the draft indicator framework for measuring the impact of settlement policies on social cohesion

Note that the authors undertook a stocktake of existing sources of information for the following indicators. None of the sources included in the stocktake specifically identified refugees.

High level outcome:

New Zealand becomes an increasingly socially cohesive society with a climate of collaboration because all groups have a sense of belonging, participation, inclusion, recognition and legitimacy.

Intermediate outcomes:

Individuals and groups exhibit elements of socially cohesive behaviour: belonging and participation.
Conditions for a socially cohesive society are demonstrated through inclusion, recognition, and legitimacy.

MIGRANT/REFUGEE COMMUNITY	HOST COMMUNITY
Elements of socially cohesive behaviour - belonging
sense of belonging frequency of intimate/family/friend contact/networks social involvement index membership of groups telephone and internet access unpaid work outside the home	sense of belonging frequency of intimate networks social involvement index membership of groups telephone and internet access unpaid work outside the home
Elements of socially cohesive behaviour - participation
participation in tertiary and adult education participation in preschool education participation in arts and cultural activities involvement in sports teams and leisure percentage of immigrants voting civic engagement	participation in tertiary and adult education participation in preschool education participation in arts and cultural activities involvement in sports teams and leisure percentage of individuals voting civic engagement
Conditions for a social inclusive society - inclusion
market income per person paid employment rate labour market participation rates English literacy skills unemployment rates education and qualification recognition welfare receipt occupational distribution home ownership	market income per person paid employment rate unemployment rates welfare receipt occupational distribution home ownership education and qualification numbers of support programmes
Conditions for a social inclusive society - recognition
racism and discrimination representation in local/national government own language media own language use	racism and discrimination resourcing for media
Conditions for a social inclusive society - legitimacy
confidence in key societal institutions perceptions of safety service delivery to refugee and migrant groups health levels and access to health services appropriate representation in the mass media	surveys on racism and discrimination confidence in key society institutions credential and qualification verification position in relation to New Zealand's bicultural commitments

BROAD-BASED DEMOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MIGRANT AND REFUGEE COMMUNITIES
numbers of overseas immigrants numbers of returning migrants migration status (business, family reunification, refugee, returning resident) length of time in New Zealand first time or return previous knowledge of country existing links to family or friends education level qualifications health status languages spoken occupation	labour force participation industries worked in personal income population distribution location in New Zealand on arrival mobility within New Zealand over first 5 years home ownership household size household composition telecommunications vehicle ownership religious beliefs

Example 5. Europe
Niessen, J., Huddleston, T., Citron, L., Geddes, A. and Jacobs, D. (2007). Migrant Integration Policy Index. Brussels: British Council and Migration Policy Group. [A32]

The Migration Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) aims to measure policies to integrate migrants and covers the six policy areas the authors suggest shape a migrant's journey to full citizenship. These areas are:

labour market access
family reunion
long-term residence
political participation
access to nationality (i.e. citizenship)
anti-discrimination.

MIPEX indicators

LABOUR MARKET ACCESS
1.1 Eligibility: are migrants excluded from taking some jobs?
1.2 Labour market integration measures: what is the state doing to help migrants adjust to the demands of the labour market?
1.3 Security of employment: can migrants easily lose their work permits?
1.4 Rights associated: what rights do migrants have as workers?
FAMILY REUNION
2.1a) Eligibility for sponsor: which migrants can sponsor relatives?
2.1b) Eligibility for family members: which relatives can they sponsor?
2.1 Acquisition conditions (for sponsor and/or family members): is a migrant's right to live in a family not made conditional on requirements, tests or courses?
2.3 Security of status: does the state protect a migrant's right to settle with their family?
2.4 Rights associated: do family members have the same rights as their sponsor?
LONG-TERM RESIDENCE
3.1 Eligibility: how long do migrants have to wait to become long-term residents?
3.2 Acquisition conditions: are eligible migrants not compelled to meet restrictive requirements?
3.3 Security of status: how easily can long-term residents lose their permits?
3.4 Rights associated: do long-term residents have equal access as nationals to many areas of life?
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
4.1 Electoral rights: can non-EU migrants vote and stand as candidates in elections?
4.2 Political liberties: are migrants free to join political parties or form their own associations?
4.3 Consultative bodies: does the government systematically consult migrants through representatives they chose themselves?
4.4 Implementation policies: does the government activity actively inform migrants about their political rights? Does it help fund their associations?
ACCESS TO NATIONALITY
5.1 Eligibility: how long do migrants have to wait to become citizens? are their children and grandchildren nationals at birth?
5.2 Acquisition conditions: are eligible migrants not compelled to meet restrictive requirements?
5.3 Security of status: how easily can naturalised migrants lose their nationality? Who is exempt from withdrawal?
5.4 Dual nationality: can naturalising citizens or children born in the country have dual nationality?
ANTI-DISCRIMINATION
6.1 Definitions and concepts: is discrimination on the grounds of religion/belief; ethnicity/race; and nationality punished?
6.2 Fields of application: in which areas of life does antidiscrimination law apply?
6.3 Enforcement: are victims encouraged to bring forward a case?
6.4 Equality policies: what roles can equality bodies and the state play?

Example 6. United States
Institute for Social and Economic Development (ISED). (2007). Report of the Integration Working Group. Report submitted to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). Washington: Department of Health and Human Services. [A29]

In their report submitted to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) in January 2007, the Integration Working Group agreed on the following indicators of integration:

health/wellbeing
language
economic opportunity
civic values/participation/engagement
education
housing
social connections
belonging/safety.

Appendix D: Keyword indexes

D1. Research content

KEYWORD: RESEARCH CONTENT	REFERENCE NUMBER
A. Integration and social cohesion, including:
integration/social cohesion - where an item discusses integration or social cohesion generally without a focus on definitions, models, indicator or measures	A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A40, A41, A42, A43, A44, A46, A48, C3, C7, C8, C9, D1, D10, D11, D13, D18, D20, D7, D9, E3, E7, E9, E10, E13, F2, F3, F5, H3, H5, H7, H8, G2, H1, H11, H13, H14, H18, H22, H26, I4, J1, J2, K6, K8, K12, K15, K2, K20, K21, K22, K24
integration/social cohesion: definitions or models - where a item has a clear focus on defining or developing a model of integration or social cohesion	A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A14, A15, A16, A17, A18, A28, A29, A30, A45, C4, D6, D14, E12, F4, G4, H15, H28, H29, I6, K5, K16
integration/social cohesion: indicators or measures - where a item has a clear focus on defining or developing a model of integration or social cohesion	A8, A9, A18, A19, A20, A21, A22, A23, A24, A25, A26, A27, A28, A29, A30, A31, A32, A32, A33, A34, A35, A36, B2, D2, G6,
studies of settlement - general studies of refugee settling in a host country which are not clearly focused on a specific area of integration/social cohesion	A37, A38, A39, A41, A42, A43, A44, A45, A46
definition of refugees - where an item discusses non-legal meanings of the term or label 'refugee' (not legal categories of refugees)	A47, A48, A49, E3, K16,
C. Identity and citizenship, including:
citizenship - where an item discusses obtaining of host country nationality or citizenship	A1, A4, A8, A11, A13, A18, A19, A20, A21, A25, A26, A28, A29, A30, A32, A32, A40, A45, A47, A48, C1, C2, C3, C4, C11, C18, C21, D1, D6, D18, E3, E9, F1, H2, H4, H19, H23, K6
civic/political participation - where an item mentions civic or political involvements or the need for education about this	A1, A4, A5, A8, A11, A12, A13, A14, A17, A24, A26, A27, A29, A32, A32, A33, A35, A40, A42, A45, A47, C1, C2, C4, C13, C14, C18, C21, E3, E9, E13, H10, H28, K12
ethnic/cultural identity - where aspects of ethnic or cultural identity both the influence of these factors and/or the desire retain identity and/or new identities	A2, A3, A9, A11, A14, A30, A37, A41, A42, A43, A44, A46, A48, C2, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C18, C19, C21, D4, D6, D7, D9, D11, D16, D19, D21, E4, E8, E13, E14, F4, G1, G2, G3, G5, G6, H6, H12, H15, H16, H19, H26, H28, I2, I5, I6, J2, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K18, K19, K20, K22, K23
language maintenance - where an item discusses use of the refugees heritage language	H9, A14, A33, A35, A44, A46, C7, C11, D16, E12, G1, G5, G11, K12, K14, K18, K19, K20
religion - where an item discusses the role of religion or church	A2, A4, A9, A13, A20, A27, A42, A43, A46, C4, C5, C6, C10, C21, D1, D16, E13, F4, I6, K4, K8
transnationalism/diaspora where an item discusses transnational activities and/or having family members overseas	A10, A37, A38, A43, B8, C5, C9, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, C21, C22, D4, D8, D12, H20, K4, K8, K12, K16
D. Community and social networks, including:
social capital/networks - where an item discusses the value of networks on other aspects of integration	A2, A3, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A13, A16, A17, A19, A20, A21, A27, A28, A29, A30, A33, A35, A37, A38, A39, A41, A42, A43, A44, A45, A46, B7, B8, C3, C5, C7, C8, C9, C11, C14, C15, C16, C18, C19, C21, C22, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D5, D6, D7 D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, D19, E1, E6, E12, E13, E14, E15, F1, F3, F5, G1, G3, G4, G5, H4, H6, H10, H18, H19, H20, H23, H28, I3, I5, I6, J1, J2, J3, J4, K1, K2, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, K11, K12, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, K20, K21, K23, K24
community participation - where an item discusses participation in local activities more generally	A3, A6, A9, A10, A16, A19, A21, A23, A27, A33, A35, A41, A42, A43, B7, C13, C14, D2, D5, D15, D16, D17, K6, K8, K12, K21
role of host country - where an item discusses the role of the host country - this can be at an individual, community or government level	A2, A7, A9, A10, A16, A27, A28, A29, A30, A33, A35, A37, A40, A44, A45, A46, A47, A48, A49, B1, B3, B7, B8, C5, C12, C17, D3, D4, D6, D8, D9, D10, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, E11, E12, F4, G4, G5, G9, H3, H11, H21, H24, H25, H27, H28, I1, I2, I3, I4, I6, J2, J3, J4, J5, K3, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, K11, K12, K13, K14, K19, K21
E. Social exclusion
social exclusion - where an item mentions discrimination, social isolation, humiliation, and feelings of not belonging	A1, A2, A4, A5, A9, A16, A18, A24, A27, A28, A29, A30, A32, A32, A33, A35, A37, A38, A41, A42, A43, A44, A45, A47, A48, B4, B7, C4, C5, C21, C22, D2, D5, D7, D10, D13, D18, D20, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, E8, E9, E10, E11, E12, E13, E14, E15, F2, F4, G5, H10, H12, H14, H24, H25, H27, H29, I2, J3, J4, K1, K2, K3, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, K12, K14, K15, K16, K18, K19, K20
F. Dispersal policies
dispersal policies - where an item mentions government directed dispersal policies	A33, A35, A38, A41, A42, A45, D1, D7, D8, D13, D17, E1, E14, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, G8, G9, G10, H1, H4, J3, J4,
G. Education and training, including:
education/training - where an item mentions education and training generally (not language acquisition/ESOL). (The category below has been included to help identify papers that are more likely to be about school education.)	A1, A3, A4, A5, A9, A13, A17, A18, A24, A26, A28, A29, A30, A33, A34, A35, A37, A38, A40, A41, A44, A45, A46, A47, B7, B8, C2, C5, C8, C14, C16, C17, D1, D4, D5, D6, D19, E2, E3, E5, E7, E12, F1, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H9, H16, H18, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H27, J2, J3, K2, K3, K4, K6, K9, K10, K12, K13, K14, K15, K18, K19, K20, K21, K22, K24
education/training and children/youth	A24, A37, A46, B7, B8, C2, E12, E2, E7, G1, G10, G11, G2, G3, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, H16, H22, H24, K10, K12, K13, K14, K15, K18, K19, K2, K20, K22, K24, K9
ESOL/language acquisition - where an item mentions a lack of host country language as an issue as well as experiences in host language classes	A3, A4, A6, A7, A8, A9, A13, A14, A19, A21, A23, A28, A29, A33, A34, A35, A37, A38, A39, A40, A41, A43, A45, A46, B7, C3, C4, C5, C8, C11, C13, C16, D1, D4, D15, D18, E3, E5, E7, E12, F1, F4, G1, G4, G5, G6, G7, G10, G11, H3, H4, H7, H8, H9, H10, H13, H15, H18, H21, H23, H28, I2, I3, J1, J2, J3, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K9, K12, K14, K15, K18, K19, K20, K24
H. Economic participation
economic participation - where an item includes mention of income, employment or underemployment (which may reflect inability to use qualifications)	A1, A3, A5, A6, A8, A9, A10, A11, A13, A15, A16, A17, A18, A19, A20, A24, A26, A27, A32, A32, A33, A34, A35, A37, A38, A39, A40, A41, A44, A46, A47, B8, C5, C7, C9, C13, C14, C15, C17, C18, C20, D1, D4, D5, D6, D15, D18, D19, E2, E3, E7, E9, E10, E15, F1, F2, F4, G6, G10, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H16, H17, H18, H19, H20, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H27, H28, H29, I2, I6, J3, K1, K2, K3, K4, K6, K8, K9, K11, K12, K15, K24
I. Health and wellbeing
health/wellbeing - where an item mentions health or aspects of wellbeing including mental health	A5, A6, A8, A20, A21, A23, A24, A26, A29, A30, A31, A33, A34, A35, A37, A38, A39, A40, A47, B3, B7, C4, C5, C12, D1, D10, D18, E1, E2, E6, E7, E9, E10, E12, F1, F4, G4, G9, H16, H24, H25, I1, I2, I4, I5, I6, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, K11, K12, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18
J. Housing
housing - where an item discusses housing or the influence of housing	A3, A6, A17, A19, A20, A21, A24, A26, A29, A30, A33, A34, A35, A37, A38, A41, A45, A48, B7, D16, D18, E2, E7, E12, F4, G6, G7, H19, H21, I3, I6, J2, J4, J5, K6, K24
K. Demographic categories of refugee, including:
gender	H23, K6, K11, K12, K13
men	C9, C18, I5
women	A5, A24, A30, A31, A43, B7, B8, C4, C8, C9, C18, D5, D15, D16, D19, E4, E7, E8, E15, F4, G7, H3, H16, H28, I5, K1, K2, K3, K6, K9, K15, K19
children/youth	A24, A31, A37, A42, A46, B7, B8, C2, C21, D2, D5, D16, E2, E4, E7, E8, E12, F4, G1, G2, G3, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, H16, H22, H24, I4, I5, K2, K7, K9, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, K20, K22, K23, K24
1.5 generation	C18, D3, K2, K20, K24
first generation	G1, G3, K18
second generation	C21, D2, D3, D5, G1, H12, H29, K10, K18, K19, K20
older refugees	A31, A42, E2, F4, K3, K5, K6, K7, K8
disability	K9

D2. Research methods used

RESEARCH METHOD	REFERENCE NUMBER
Case studies - refers to studies of a particular group or area	D3, G10, H28, H29, J2
Discussion paper - refers to opinion pieces and conference papers that are not directly based on research	A1, A4, A11, A14, A15, A21, A26, A28, A33, A35, A36, A47, A48, A49, B4, C10, C15, C20, C21, D13, D18, D21, E3, E5, E8, H10, H16, I1, I6, K11, K24
Ethnographic - includes participant observation, observation and activities such as social mapping, diary keeping	A2, A31, A41, A45, B6, C3, C5, C6, C9, C13, C14, C17, C22, D7, D10, D11, D12, D16, D19, E4, H9, H15, K2, K15, K16
Interviews - these include individual interviews and focus group discussions	A2, A3, A6, A9, A10, A13, A15, A19, A20, A22, A24, A27, A34, A37, A38, A41, A42, A43, A44, A46, B1, B3, C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C11, C12, C13, C14, C16, C18, C19, D1, D4, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D14, D15, D16, D19, D20, E1, E2, E7, E12, E14, F1, F2, F3, F5, G1, G2, G5, G7, G9, H3, H6, H9, H11, H12, H15, H24, H26, H27, I2, I4, J1, J2, J3, J4, K1, K2, K7, K9, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K21, K23
Review - includes literature reviews and reviews of policies/strategies	A5, A7, A12, A16, A17, A18, A20, A23, A24, A29, A30, A40, B7, B8, C4, D14, D17, E2, E11, E15, F1, F3, F4, G3, G4, G6, G7, G9, G11, H6, H16, H25, I3, I5, J4, J5, K3, K5, K6, K9, K15
Survey - includes questionnaire data and analysis of large datasets	A6, A8, A10, A12, A27, A34, A39, A46, B5, C1, D5, E6, E9, E10, E13, F1, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H7, H8, H9, H10, H13, H14, H17, H18, H19, H21, H22, H23, H26, J1, J2, K4, K20, K22
Methodological issues of refugee research - refers to articles that include a focus on methodological issues of conducting research with refugees	B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, C22
Test - this refers to a recognised test of some kind, usually in relation to health and psychological wellbeing	I4, K4, K18

D3. Host country

HOST COUNTRY/REGION	REFERENCE NUMBER
Australia	A38, C3, C6, C7, C11, E6, E8, F4, G7, G10, H7, H11, H12, I4, K7, K11
Canada	A8, A39, A44, C1, D3, D8, D9, D10, E9, E10, E11, E13, F1, F5, G2, H14, H18, H19, H24, J1, K1, K3, K4, K14, K15, K16, K17, K22
Cyprus	A48
Denmark	A2, A11, F2
Europe or European Union	A1, A4, A14, A15, A25, A12, A18, A32, A32, E7, E15, H29,
Finland	A27, A31, A46, C22, G1, H27, H28
Germany	C13, C14
Ireland	A3, A30
Italy	D6
Netherlands	A10, C13, C14, D6, D19, D20, H2, H15
New Zealand	A23, A33, A35, A37, A40, B1, B2, C4, C5, C8, E2, E3, E5, E12, G4, H9, H10, H16, I1, I2, J2, K2, K8, K10, K13, K20
Nordic states	G11
Norway	A22, C2, C9, E4, H5
Scotland	B3, E1
Sweden	H1, H17
United Kingdom	A9, A16, A17, A19, A20, A24, A28, A34, A41, A42, A43, A45, C13, C14, C22, D1, D2, D5, D12, D13, D14, D16, D17, E14, F3, G5, G8, G9, H3, H4, H6, H8, H25, I3, J3, J4, J5, K6, K9
United States	A2, A13, A15, A29, A40, C1, C12, C16, C17, C18, C19, D3, D4, D5, D7, D11, D15, H13, H20, H21, H22, H23, H26, K5, K18, K19, K21, K23, K24

D4. Source country of refugee participants

SOURCE COUNTRY/REGION	REFERENCE NUMBER
Afghanistan	C3, H15, K1
Africa	A48, G2, H10, H24, H26
Asia	C9, H7, H23, H24
Bosnia	A2, A13, C7, C12, C13, C14, H11, H12, K21
Burma	D10
Cambodia	K17
China	D11
Croatia	C6
Cuba	H21
East Africa	K23
Eritrea	C13, C14
Ethiopia	C17, K16
Former Yugoslavia	A39, C11
Iran	D19, H15
Laos	A44, D15
Latin America	H23
Middle East	C22, H27, K2
Participants from several host countries/ethnicities	A3, A16, A19, A27, A34, A37, A38,A41, A42, A43, A45, A46, C8, D1, D2, D5, D6, D8, D12, D16, E1, E2, E7,E10, E14, F1, F2, F5, G5, G9, G11, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H8, H9, H13, H14, H17, H18, H19, H20, H25,H28, H29, J3, J5, K5, K7, K8, K9, K10, K11, K20, K22
Poland	K10
Portugal	D3
Russia/Soviet bloc	H21, H22
Somalia	B2, C2, C5, C9, C16, D9, E4, E5, G1, H16, H22, H27, I2, J2, K13, K15
Southeast Asia	D4, E6, H21, H22, K14, K19, K23
Sudan	K4
Vietnam	C1, C18, C19, D3, D5, D7, D11, H27, I4, K18, K24,

D5. Focus on refugees

RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS	REFERENCE NUMBER
migrants, including refugees	A4, A5, A7, A8, A9, A11, A12, A14, A16, A17, A20, A21, A22, A23, A24, A25, A26, A32, A32, A33, A35, A36, A39, A40, A41, A43, A47, B5, B8, C1, C6, C19, C21, D3, D9, D11, D14, D17, D18, E2, E9, E12, E13, E15, G2, G6, G11, H1, H2, H3, H4, H7, H9, H13, H17, H24, H25, H29, I1, I3, I4, I6, J1, J5, K3, K14, K19, K20, K23
refugees	A18, A27, A29, A30, A31, A34, A37, A38, A44, A45, A46, B2, B7, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C14, C16 C17, C18, C20, C22, D1, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D10, D12, D13, D15, D16, D19, D20, D21, E3, E4, E6, E8, F1, F2, F4, F5, G1, G3, G4, G5, H5, H6, H10, H11, H12, H15, H16, H18, H19, H21, H22, H23, H26, H27, I2, J2, J3, K1, K2, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K10, K11, K13, K15, K16, K17, K18, K21, K22
refugees, including asylum seekers	A1, A2, A3, A6, A10, A13, A15, A19, A28, A42, A48, A49, B3, C15, D2, D5, E1, E5, E7, E10, E11, E14, F3, G7, G8, G9, G10, H8, H28, J4, K9

D6. List of authors

AUTHORS	REFERENCE
Abu-Laban, B., Derwing, T., Krahn, H., Mulder, M., Wilkinson, L.	F1
Addario, S., Hiebert, D., Sherrell, K.	J1
Ager, A., Malcolm, M., Sadollah, S., May, F.	E1
Ager, A., Strang, A.	A19, A20, A21
Al-Ali, N., Black, R., Koser, K.	C13, C14
Alitolppa-Niitamo, A.	G1
Atfield, G., Brambhatt, K., O'Toole, T.	D1
Baffoe, M.	G2
Beg, N.	K1
Beirens, H., Hughes, N., Hek, R., Spicer, N.	D2
Ben-Moshe, D, Bertone, S., Grossman, M.	G7
Berg, B.	A22
Bevelander, P., Lundh, C.	H1
Bevelander, P., Veenman, J.	H2
Bihi, A.	C5
Bloch, A.	H3, H4
Bloemraad, I.	C1, D3
Blom, S.	H5
Boyd, S.	G11
Brahmbhatt, K., Atfield, G., Irving, H., Lee, J., O'Toole, T.	H6
Burnley, I.	H7
Butcher, A., Hall, L.	A23
Butcher, A., Spoonley, P., Trlin, A.	E2
Campbell, G.	K10
Castles, S., Korac, M., Vasta, E., Vertovec, S.	A24
Charlaff, L., Ibrani, K., Lowe, M., Marsden, R., Turney, L.	H8
Chenoweth, J., Burdick, L.	K5
Chile, L., Dunstan, S., Dibley, R.	B1
Chile, L.	E3, H10
Chile, L., Brown, P.	H9
Chrissanthaki, T., Ostby, L.	A25
Colic-Peisker, V.	C6, C7, H11
Colic-Peisker, V., Walker, I.	H12
Collie, P.	K2
Commission on Integration and Cohesion (United Kingdom)	A9
Victorian Settlement Planning Committee (Australia)	G10
Connelly, N., Forsythe, L., Njike, G., Rudiger, A.	K6
Cortes, K.	H13
Couch, J.	K11
Coussey, M., Christensen, E.	A26
Crisp, J.	C15
De Souza, R.	I1
Debski, S.	C8
Department for Communities and Local Government (United Kingdom)	D17
Department of Labour (New Zealand)	A37
DeVoretz, D., Pivnenko, S., Beiser, M.	H14
Doyle, L., McCorriston, M.	G8
Dutch Council for Refugees	A10
Ekholm, E.	A27
Engebritsen, A.	C9
European Council on Refugees and Exiles	A1
Fair, L.	F2
Fangen, K.	C2, E4
Feller, E.	A47
Ferris, E.	D18
Flanagan, J.	A38
George, U., Tsang, A.	A39
Ghorashi, H.	D19
Ghorashi, H., van Tilburg, M.	H15
Goodkind, J., Foster-Fishman, P.	D15
Gozdziak, E., Shandy, D.	C10
Griffiths, D., Sigona, N., Zetter, R.	F3
Grigoleit, G.	D4
Grogan, P.	A40
Guerin, B.	B7
Guerin, B., Abdi, A., Guerin, P.	I2
Guerin, P., Guerin, B.	B2, H16
Haines, D.	D5
Halango, A.	J2,
Hamilton, R., Anderson, A.	G4
Hamilton, R., Farrigua, S.	G3
Hansen, J., Lofstrom, M.	H17
Hedetoft, U.	A11
Hek, R.	G5
Hickman, M., Crowley, H., Mai, N.	A41
Higgins, J.	K12
Higgins, M., O'Donnell, C.	B3
Hollands, M.	D20
Home Office (United Kingdom)	A28
Hooghe, M., Reeskens, T., Stolle, D.	A12
Horst, C.	C16
Hudson, M., Phillips, J., Ray, K., Barnes, H.	A42
Hugman, R., Bartolomei, L., Pittaway, E.	K7
Humpage, L.	E5
Humpage, L., Fleras, A.	K13
Hyman, I., Vu, N., Beiser, M.	K14
Hynes, T.	B4
Institute for Social and Economic Development (ISED) (United States)	A29
Interdepartmental Working Group on the Integration of Refugees in Ireland	A30
Ives, N.	A2, A13
Jayaweera, H., Choudhury, T.	A43
Johnson, M.	I3
Joppke, C.	A14
Kandola, P.	A3
Keel, M., Brew, N.	C11
Kenny, M.	K15
Korac, M.	D6
Kumsa, M.	K16
Lamba, N.	H18, H19
Lange, C., Kamalkhani, Z., Baldassar, L.	C3
Mamgain, V., Collins, K.	H20
Marginson, M.	E6
Martiniello, M.	A4
Matikainen, J.	A31
McDonald, B., Gifford, S., Webster, K., Wiseman, J., Casey, S.	F4
McKelvey, R., Sang, D.	I4
McKenzie, D., Mistiaen, J.	B5
Mestheneos, E., Ioannidi, E.	E7
Ministry of Social Development (New Zealand)	A5
Mortensen, A.	C4
Mulvihill, M., Mailloux, L., Atkin, W.	K3
Nam, B.	I5
Nam, B., Ward, R.	B8
Niessen, J., Huddleston, T., Citron, L., Geddes, A., Jacobs, D.	A32
Noll, G., van Selm, J.	A15
Nontapattamadul, K.	A44
Peace, R., Spoonley, P., Butcher, A., O'Neill, D.	A33
Peckham, D., Wallace, E., Wilby, C., Noble, J.	A6
Phillimore, J.	J3
Phillimore, J., Goodson, L.	A34
Phillips, D.	J4, J5
Pittaway, E., Bartolomei, L.	E8
Potocky-Tripodi, M.	H21, H22, H23
Powles, J.	B6
Refugee Council (United Kingdom)	G9
Reitz, J., Bannerjee, R.	E9
Renaud, J., Piche, V., Godin, J.	E10
Richmond, A.	E11
Rousseau, C., Drapeau, A.	K17
Rudiger, A.	A16
Rutter, J., Cooley, L., Reynolds, S., Sheldon, R.	A45
Ryan, D., Dooley, B., Benson, D.	I6
Shandy, D.	C17
Shelley, N.	D7
Shields, J., Rahi, K., Scholtz, A.	H24,
Sigona, N., Torre, A.	D16
Simich, L.	D8
Simich, L., Beiser, M., Mawani, F.	F5
Simich, L., Mawani, F., Wu, F., Noor, A.	D9
Sobrun-Maharaj, A., Tse, S., Hoque, E., Rossen, F.	E12
Somerville, W., Wintour, P.	H25
Soroka, S., Johnston, R., Banting, K.	E13
Spencer, S.	A7, A17
Spicer, N.	E14
Spoonley, P., Peace, R., Chapman, J., Young, G.	A35
Stoll, K., Johnson, P.	K4
Suzuki, R.	D10
Trickett, E., Birman, D., Persky, I.	K18
Tseng, W.	D11
Ugbe, U.	H26
Um, K.	C18, K19
Valtonen, K.	A46, H27, H28
Valverde, C.	C19
Van Hear, N.	C20
Vas Dev, S.	D21
Vertovec, S.	C21
Wahlbeck, O.	C22
Ward, C.	K20
Ward, K., Amas, N., Lagnado, J.	K9
Warren, S.	G6
Weine, S., Muzurovic, N., Kulauzovic, Y., Besic, S., Lezic, A., Mujagic, A., Muzurovic, J., Spahovic, D., Feetham, S., Ware, N., Knafl, K., Pavkovic, I.	C12
Weine, S., Feetham, S., Kulauzovic, Y., Knafl, K., Besic, S., Klebic, A., Mujagic, R., Muzurovic, J., Spahovic, M., Pavkovic, M.	K21
Werth, M., Stevens, W., Delfs, S.	A36
Wilkinson, L.	K22
Williams, L.	D12
Wong, S.	K8
Wrench, J., Jandi, M., Kraler, A., Stepein, A.	E15
Young, T., Spigner, C., Farwell, N., Stubblefield, M.	K23
Yu, S., Ouellet, E., Warmington, A.	A8
Zetter, R.	A48, A49
Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., Sigona, N.	D13
Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., Sigona, N., Flynn, D., Pasha, T., Beynon, R.	D14
Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., Sigona, N., Hauser, M.	A18
Zhou, M., Bankston III, C.	K24
Zimmermann, K., Kahanec, M., Constant, A., DeVoretz, D., Gataullina, L., Zaiceva, A.	H29

Previous Section | Table of Contents

In This Section

Reports

Downloads

Related Research

Longterm Settlement of Refugees

APPENDICES

Appendix A: MSD Information Service search of bibliographic databases

Appendix B: Acronyms used in this report

Appendix C: Examples of indicators and frameworks

Employment

Housing

Education

Health

Social bridges

Social bonds

Social links

Language and cultural knowledge

Safety and stability

Rights and citizenship

Indicators of education, training and employment

Indicators of social integration

Indicators of health

Indicators of legal integration

Indicators of political integration

Indicators of overall integration

The governance domain

The functional domain - social and economic participation

The social domain

Indicators suggested as part of the draft indicator framework for measuring the impact of settlement policies on social cohesion

MIPEX indicators

Appendix D: Keyword indexes

D1. Research content

D2. Research methods used

D3. Host country

D4. Source country of refugee participants

D5. Focus on refugees

D6. List of authors